Universal Periodic Review
DESCRIPTION
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a new mechanism that has been established under General Assembly Resolution 60/251, which created the Human Rights Council (HRC).
The Resolution provides that the Council shall "undertake a universal periodic review, based on objective and reliable information, of the fulfilment by each State of its human rights obligations and commitments in a manner which ensures universality of coverage and equal treatment with respect to all States; the review shall be a cooperative mechanism, based on an interactive dialogue, with the full involvement of the country concerned and with consideration given to its capacity-building needs; such a mechanism shall complement and not duplicate the work of treaty bodies".
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the review are:
(a) The improvement of the human rights situation on the ground;
(b) The fulfilment of the State's human rights obligations and commitments and assessment of positive developments and challenges faced by the State;
(c) The enhancement of the State's capacity and of technical assistance, in consultation with, and with the consent of, the State concerned;
(d) The sharing of best practice among States and other stakeholders;
(e) Support for cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights;
(f) The encouragement of full cooperation and engagement with the Council, other human rights bodies and OHCHR.
MODALITIES
At its fifth session on 18 June 2007, the HRC adopted, in its resolution 5/1, detailed modalities regarding the UPR mechanism. These modalities relate, in particular, to the basis of the review, principles and objectives to be followed, the periodicity and order of review of countries, process and modalities, as well as the outcome and the follow-up to the review.
Furthermore, the HRC decided that the review would be conducted in one working group composed of the 47 member States of the Council starting in 2008.
At its sixth session, on 21 September 2007, the Human Rights Council adopted a calendar in relation to the consideration of the 192 Member States of the United Nations to be considered during the first four-year cycle of the UPR mechanism, and decided on the precise order of consideration of reviewed States in 2008.
In accordance with resolution 5/1, the documents on which the review would be based are:
• Information prepared by the State concerned, which can take the form of a national report, and any other information considered relevant by the State concerned, which could be presented either orally or in writing. The written presentation summarizing the information shall not exceed 20 pages, and should be submitted six weeks prior to the session of the Working Group at which the specific review will take place. States are encouraged to prepare the information through a broad consultation process at the national level with all relevant stakeholders;
• Additionally a compilation prepared by the OHCHR of the information contained in the reports of treaty bodies, special procedures, including observations and comments by the State concerned, and other relevant official United Nations documents, which shall not exceed 10 pages;
• Additional, credible and reliable information provided by other relevant stakeholders to the universal periodic review which should also be taken into consideration by the Council in the review, which will be summarized by the OHCHR in a document that shall not exceed 10 pages. Stakeholders include, inter alia, NGOs, National Human Rights Institutions, Human rights defenders, Academic institutions and Research institutes, Regional organizations, as well as civil society representatives.
NGOs are strongly encouraged to provide OHCHR with submissions that :
- follow the structure of the General Guidelines for the preparation of information under the UPR, adopted by the HRC at its 6th session (according to the decision 6/102, available on the OHCHR website at: http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/sdpage_e.aspx?b=10&se=69&t=3 );
- are limited to a 5-page document, to which a more detailed and factual report may be attached for reference;
- cover a maximum of 4 year-time period;
- are written in English, Spanish or French.